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This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
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| thonmi_sambhota [2026/11/12 08:53] – created Vajra Patience | thonmi_sambhota [2026/11/12 08:54] (current) – Vajra Patience |
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| ==Thonmi Sambhota== | ==Thonmi Sambhota== |
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| | #redirect [[Thonmi Sambhota]] |
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| | [[Thonmi]] [[Sambhota]] [[ཐོན་མི་སམྦྷོ་ཊ]] [[thon mi sam b+ho Ta]] [[tuhn-mee sahm-boh-tah]] ([[year of birth]] around [[619]], [[year of death]] around [[670]]), an eminent [[7th century]] scholar, royal minister, and the first great [[lotsawa]] [[ལོ་ཙཱ་བ]] [[lo tsA ba]] [[loh-tsah-wah]] translator of [[Tibet]] [[བོད]] [[bod]] [[pö]], is revered across [[Tibetan]] [[Buddhism]] [[ནང་པའི་ཆོས]] [[nang pa'i chos]] [[nahng-peh chuh]] ([[बौद्धधर्म]] - [[bauddhadharma]]) as the creator of the [[Tibetan]] script and grammar and is regarded as an emanation of [[Manjushri]] [[འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས]] [['jam dpal dbyangs]] [[jahm-pel yahng]] ([[मञ्जुश्री]] - [[mañjuśrī]]). Dispatched by the [[Dharma]] King [[Songtsen Gampo]] [[སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ]] [[srong btsan sgam po]] [[sohng-tsen gahm-poh]] ([[617]]–[[650]]) to [[India]] [[རྒྱ་གར]] [[rgya gar]] [[gyah-gar]] with sixteen companions, [[Thonmi Sambhota]] alone survived the arduous journey and studied [[Sanskrit]] [[ལེགས་སྦྱར་སྐད]] [[legs sbyar skad]] [[lek-jar keh]] ([[संस्कृत]] - [[saṃskṛta]]) linguistics, Indic scripts, and [[Dharma]] [[ཆོས]] [[chos]] [[chuh]] ([[धर्म]] - [[dharma]]) philosophy under masters such as [[Lipikara]] [[ལི་པི་ཀ་ར]] [[li pi ka ra]] [[lee-pee-kah-rah]] ([[लिपिकर]] - [[lipikara]]) and [[Devavidyasimha]] [[ལྷ་རིག་པའི་སེང་གེ]] [[lha rig pa'i seng ge]] [[lah rik-peh sehng-geh]] ([[देवविद्यासिंह]] - [[devavidyāsiṃha]]). Upon returning to [[Tibet]], he adapted the Gupta and Brahmi alphabets to match [[Tibetan]] phonology, devising the thirty consonants and four vowel signs along with eight foundational grammatical treatises—of which the [[Sumcupa]] [[སུམ་ཅུ་པ]] [[sum cu pa]] [[soom-choo-pah]] ([[व्याकरणमूलत्रिंशक]] - [[vyākaraṇamūlatriṃśaka]], [[Toh 4348]]) and the [[Takgi Jukpa]] [[རྟགས་ཀྱི་འཇུག་པ]] [[rtags kyi 'jug pa]] [[tahk kyee jook-pah]] ([[व्याकरणलिङ्गावतार]] - [[vyākaraṇaliṅgāvatāra]], [[Toh 4349]]) remain the standard linguistic pillars of the [[Tibetan Tripitaka]] [[བཀའ་འགྱུར་དང་བསྟན་འགྱུར]] [[bka' 'gyur dang bstan 'gyur]] [[kah-gyoor dahng ten-gyoor]]. Using this newly forged literary vehicle, [[Thonmi Sambhota]] inaugurated the translation of sacred [[Mahayana]] [[ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ]] [[theg pa chen po]] [[tek-pah chen-poh]] ([[महायान]] - [[mahāyāna]]) texts dedicated to [[Avalokiteshvara]] [[སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས]] [[spyan ras gzigs]] [[chen-reh-zik]] ([[अवलोकितेश्वर]] - [[avalokiteśvara]]), including the [[Karandavyuha Sutra]] [[ཟ་མ་ཏོག་བཀོད་པ]] [[za ma tog bkod pa]] [[zah-mah-tohk kuh-pah]] ([[कारण्डव्यूहसूत्र]] - [[kāraṇḍavyūhasūtra]], [[Toh 116]], [[Taisho 1050]]) and the [[Ratnamegha Sutra]] [[དཀོན་མཆོག་སྤྲིན་གྱི་མདོ]] [[dkon mchog sprin gyi mdo]] [[kuhn-chohk trin gyee doh]] ([[रत्नमेघसूत्र]] - [[ratnameghasūtra]], [[Toh 231]], [[Taisho 658]]), thereby establishing the textual foundation for [[wisdom]] [[ཤེས་རབ]] [[shes rab]] [[sheh-rahp]] ([[प्रज्ञा]] - [[prajñā]]), [[compassion]] [[སྙིང་རྗེ]] [[snying rje]] [[nying-jeh]] ([[करुणा]] - [[karuṇā]]), and full [[awakening]] [[བྱང་ཆུབ]] [[byang chub]] [[jahng-choop]] ([[बोधि]] - [[bodhi]]) across the Land of Snows. |
